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Tableau vivant (plural: tableaux vivants) means "living picture". The term, borrowed from the French language, describes a group of suitably costumed actors or artist's models, carefully posed and often theatrically lit. Throughout the duration of the display, the people shown do not speak or move. The approach thus marries the art forms of the stage with those of painting or photography, and as such it has been of interest to modern photographers. The most recent heyday of the tableau vivant was the 19th century, with virtually nude tableaux vivants or ''poses plastiques'' providing a form of erotic entertainment. Occasionally, a Mass was punctuated with short dramatic scenes and tableaux. They were a major feature of festivities for royal weddings, coronations and royal entries into cities. Often the actors imitated statues, much in the manner of modern street entertainers, but in larger groups, and mounted on elaborate temporary stands along the path of the main procession.〔(Festivals in Valois France ) British Library, accessed September 24th, 2007〕 ==On stage== Before radio, film and television, ''tableaux vivants'' were popular forms of entertainment, even in frontier towns. Before the age of color reproduction of images, the ''tableau vivant'' (often abbreviated to ''tableau'') was sometimes used to recreate paintings "on stage", based on an etching or sketch of a painting. This could be done as an amateur venture in a drawing room, or as a more professionally produced series of ''tableaux'' presented on a theatre stage, one following another, usually to tell a story without requiring all the usual trappings of a "live" theatre performance. They thus 'educated' their audience to understand the form taken by later Victorian and Edwardian era magic lantern shows, and perhaps also sequential narrative comic strips (which first appeared in modern form in the late 1890s). These ''tableaux vivants'' were often performed as the basis for school nativity plays in England during the Victorian period; the custom is still practiced at Loughborough High School (believed to be one of England's oldest grammar schools for girls). Ten tableaux are performed each year at the school carol service, including the depiction of an engraving ''en grisaille'' (in which the subjects are painted completely grey). Theatrical censorship in Britain and the US forbade actresses to move when nude or semi-nude on stage, so ''tableaux vivants'' had a place in risqué entertainment for many years although in the early 1900s, German dancer Olga Desmond appeared in ''Schönheitsabende'' ("Evenings of Beauty") in which she posed nude in "living pictures", imitating classical works of art. In the nineteenth century they took such titles as "Nymphs Bathing" and "Diana the Huntress" and were to be found at such places as the "Hall of Rome" in Great Windmill Street, London. Other venues were the "Coal Hole" in the Strand and the "Cyder Cellar" in Maiden Lane. Nude and semi-nude ''tableaux vivants'' were also a frequent feature of variety shows in the U.S.: first on Broadway in New York, then elsewhere in the country. The Ziegfeld Follies featured ''tableaux vivants'' from 1917. The Windmill Theatre in London (1932–1964) featured nude ''tableaux vivants'' on stage; it was the first, and for many years the only venue for them in 20th century London. ''Tableaux vivants'' were often included in fairground sideshows (as seen in the film ''A Taste of Honey''). Such shows had largely died out by the 1970s. ''Tableaux vivants'' remain a major attraction at the annual Pageant of the Masters in Laguna Beach, California. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tableau vivant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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